Shape Constancy

 Shape constancy is the phenomenon of perceiving real shapes of objects regardless of their retinal projections. In this door photo, we perceive that all of these doors are rectangular even though that is not the shape of the angled doors that our retinas are receiving.

Brightness Constancy

Brightness Constancy refers to the tendency for a visual object to be perceived as having the same brightness under widely different conditions of illumination. In this picture, we perceive that all of the leaves have the same brightness even though there are different degrees of light on each leaf.  

Size Constancy

Size constancy refers to the fact that our perception of the size of objects are relatively constant despite the fact that the size of objects on the retina vary greatly with distance. In this picture, both of the mugs  are the same size even though the one in front appears much larger than the one off in the distance.

Motion Perception

Motion perception is the process of inferring the speed and direction of objects that move in a visual scene based on visual, vestibular and proprioceptive, or nerve-ending inputs. Motion perception is broken down into perceiving motion of objects in the world (object motion) and perceiving motion of ourselves through the world (Observer motion). In this picture, it appears as though the image is moving, however it is a still image. 

Proximity

Proximity is when we group nearby figures together. In this image we see the nuts grouped together and not as separate nuts. The closer they are to each other, the more likely they will be grouped together.

Similarity

Similarity is when we group together similar figures. In this image, we see the red flowers grouped together and the white flowers grouped together instead of seeing separate flowers. We group together items that are similar in appearance.

Continuity

Continuity is when we perceive smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones. The image shows geese flying and it appears as a V rather then a discontinuous pattern. This is due to the fact that people tend to group items into a pattern.